M’kalasi ndiye malo amene ophunzira amaphunzirira tsiku lililonse.Mpweya wabwino m'kalasi umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi thanzi la ophunzira ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuphunzira bwino.Matupi awo ali pakukula ndi kukula, ndipo chitetezo chawo ku zoipitsa chimakhala chochepa kwambiri kuposa cha akuluakulu.Malo awo ophunzirira ndi abwinoko.Zimafunika chisamaliro chapadera.Kumayambiriro kwa masukulu a pulaimale ndi sekondale, "Njira Yoteteza Haze" inafotokozera mwachidule zovuta za mpweya wa m'kalasi ndikupereka zochitika zina za sukulu za ku Germany kuti ziwonetsedwe m'madipatimenti a maphunziro ndi makolo.
1. Zinayi Zowopsa M'kalasi Mpweya
Panja PM2.5 Zowopsa Zolowera Nyenyezi: ☆☆☆☆
Patsiku lachifunga, ngakhale zitseko ndi mazenera atatsekedwa mwamphamvu, tinthu tating'ono ta PM2.5 titha kulowa m'makalasi kudzera pazitseko ndi mazenera ndi mipata yanyumbayo.Mayeso osakwanira awonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa PM2.5 m'kalasi ndi kotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi kunja ndi pafupifupi 10% mpaka 20%.Zili choncho chifukwa ophunzira onse amachita zinthu ngati “oyeretsa thupi la munthu.”Njira zodzitetezera za ophunzira motsutsana ndi PM2.5 ndizofanana ndi ziro.Chifukwa tinthu tating'ono ta PM2.5 ndi tating'ono kwambiri, thupi la munthu silingathe kuzisefa ndikuziletsa.The particles mosavuta kumeza ndi alveolar phagocytic maselo ndi kulowa bronchus.Choncho, PM2.5 ikhoza kuwononga kwambiri dongosolo la kupuma kwa anthu ndipo imayambitsa mphumu, bronchitis, etc.
Kuchuluka kwa CO2 kumawononga nyenyezi: ☆☆
Malangizo odziwika a sayansi: Kukhazikika kwa CO2 kunja kumakhala pafupifupi 400ppm, ndipo munthu amatulutsa malita 15 a CO2 pa ola atakhala chete.M'masiku a chifunga, dzinja ndi chilimwe, zitseko zamakalasi ndi mazenera nthawi zambiri zimatsekedwa, ndipo ndende ya CO2 yamkati imawonjezeka.Kuphatikizika kwa CO2 m'makalasi a ophunzira 35 kumafika 2000 ~ 3000ppm.Kuchuluka kwa CO2 kumapangitsa ophunzira kutulutsa zizindikiro monga kulimba pachifuwa, chizungulire, kudodometsa, kugona, ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira.Choncho, pamene mphunzitsi anena kuti ana anu amapita kusukulu nthawi zonse, zikhoza kukhudzidwa ndi CO2 yoipa.
Malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso a chidwi cha ophunzira ku Austria, pamene ndende ya CO2 ikukwera kuchoka pa 600-800ppm kufika pa 3000ppm, kuphunzira kwa ophunzira kumatsika kuchoka pa 100% mpaka 90%.Bungwe la Germany Environmental Protection Agency limalimbikitsa kuti pamene ndende ili yochepa kuposa 1000ppm, chikhalidwe chaukhondo ndi choyenera, pamene ndende ndi 1000-2000ppm, tcheru chiyenera kuperekedwa ndi njira za mpweya wabwino.CO2 ikakhala yayikulu kuposa 2000ppm, ukhondo wa mumlengalenga ndiwosavomerezeka.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa ngozi: ☆☆☆
M’zipinda zophunzirira muli anthu ambiri ndipo chinyezi n’chambiri, ndipo mabakiteriya amatha kuswana ndi kufalikira mosavuta, monga ntchofu, nkhuku, fuluwenza, kamwazi, ndi zina zotero;Masukulu amatha kubuka matenda opatsirana kuyambira Marichi mpaka Epulo komanso Okutobala mpaka Disembala chaka chilichonse.Mu 2007, Shanghai inachitika kuyang'anira mpweya m'masukulu 8 a pulayimale ndi apakati m'chigawo cha Fengxian, ndipo adapeza kuti mabakiteriya a mpweya m'kalasi anali 0.2 / cm2 pamaso pa kalasi, koma adakwera mpaka 1.8 / cm2 pambuyo pa kalasi yachinayi.Ngati m’kalasi mulibe mpweya wokwanira bwino, ndipo majeremusi ochuluka opangidwa ndi ophunzira akutsokomola ndi kuyetsemula adzaunjikana ndi kufalikira, munthu mmodzi amadwala ndipo anthu ambiri amadwala.
Mulingo wa Nyenyezi ya Formaldehyde Polution Hazard: ☆☆☆☆
Ngati ndi kalasi yomangidwa kumene kapena yokonzedwanso, zokongoletsa zomangira ndi madesiki atsopano ndi mipando zitha kutenthetsa mpweya woipa, kuphatikiza formaldehyde ndi benzene.Kukongoletsa kuipitsidwa kumawononga kwambiri thanzi la ophunzira, ndipo n'kosavuta kuyambitsa matenda a magazi mwa ana, monga khansa ya m'magazi;nthawi yomweyo, kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphumu;ndipo zimakhudza kukula kwa luntha la ophunzira.Mu September 2013, Wenzhou Environmental Supervision Detachment anayendera makalasi 88 mwachisawawa m'masukulu 17 a ana aang'ono ku Wenzhou, 43 omwe anadutsa miyezo ya formaldehyde ndi kuphulika kwa organic, ndiko kuti, 51% ya makalasi anali ndi mpweya wosayenerera.
2. Chidziwitso cha German mu ukhondo wa mpweya m'kalasi
Kalekale, nthawi zambiri kunali nkhani yakuti makolo ankatumiza zida zoyeretsa mpweya m’makalasi asukulu.Kusuntha koteroko kungachepetse pang'ono kuwonongeka kwa mpweya wina wonyansa kwa ophunzira;komabe, kuthetsa zoopsa zinayi zazikuluzikulu zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, izi ndi dontho chabe mu chidebe, ndipo ziri kutali kwambiri.Kuthetsa zoopsa zinayi za mpweya wa m'kalasi, kwa PM2.5, zikuwoneka kuti zitseko ndi mawindo ziyenera kutsekedwa. mwamphamvu, ndi zoopsa zina zitatuzi, zitseko ndi mawindo ziyenera kutsegulidwa kuti muwonjezere mpweya wabwino.Kodi kuthetsa kutsutsana kumeneku?Zomwe zinachitikira masukulu a ku Germany ndizoti zotsatira za mpweya wa zenera zimakhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka mphepo ndi liwiro, ndipo zotsatira zake sizingatsimikizidwe, ndipo mpweya wawindo m'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe umaletsedwanso;Choncho, kuti muwongolere mpweya wabwino m'kalasi, m'pofunika kulamulira mwakhama komanso momveka bwino kutulutsa ndi kutulutsa mpweya, kuti mupereke mpweya wokwanira.Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino, chotsani mpweya wamkati wamkati.Pali mitundu iwiri ya zida zamakina zolowera mpweya zomwe zimayikidwa m'kalasi:
Zida zopangira mpweya wapakati.
Ndi yoyenera kusukulu zomangidwa kumene, ndipo voliyumu yolowera mpweya imatha kukumana ndi mpweya wabwino wa 17 ~ 20 m 3;/h kwa wophunzira aliyense.Mnyamata wamkulu padenga lachivundikirocho ndi zida zapakati zolowera mpweya.Mipope yoyera yozungulira pamwamba pa chithunzi pansipa ndi njira zoperekera mpweya wabwino komanso mipata yayitali yoperekera mpweya m'makonde akalasi.
Decentralized mpweya zida
Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopumira mpweya wabwino ndikoyenera kukonzanso masukulu, ndipo kalasi iliyonse imakhala ndi mpweya wokwanira.Mabwalo owoneka bwino pakhoma lakunja pachithunzichi ndi zida zotulutsa mpweya wabwino.
Masukulu ena ku Germany amakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe a mpweya ndi zida za alamu, komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya kungathenso kusinthidwa malinga ndi ndende ya CO2.Kuphatikiza apo, makhazikitsidwe ambiri olowera mpweya ku Germany alinso ndi zida zobwezeretsa kutentha, zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kuposa 70%, ndikugogomezera kwambiri kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa umuna.
Takulandilani pitani patsamba lathu kuti mudziwe zambiri zamalonda athu. Alibaba
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